Il futuro dell’industria italiana secondo Banca Intesa

La scorsa settimana il centro studi di Banca Intesa ha presentato il rapporto sui settori industriali (in collaborazione con Prometeia). Il rapporto ha un titolo ambizioso: la manifattura italiana nel 2013. Di questi tempi, il 2013 appare come un orizzonte temporale remoto. Persino troppo. L’esercizio di previsione, però, ha avuto il merito di fondarsi su premesse robuste. Fabrizio Guelpa ha provato a riflettere su quanto accaduto in questi anni mettendo in discussione due luoghi comuni duri a morire.
Il primo riguarda il peso della nostra industria nell’economia internazionale. Dopo anni di lamento persistente e di retorica del declino scopriamo che le tecniche con cui stimiamo il nostro contribuito al commercio internazionale vanno riviste. Il problema sono le tecniche di deflazionamento. Ogni anno calcoliamo quante scarpe, quanti vestiti, quante macchine abbiamo venduto in giro per il mondo: se quest’anno le scarpe costano 200 euro invece che 100 (come l’anno precedente) allora decidiamo che una quota parte di questo aumento di prezzo è da imputare all’inflazione. Per costruire valori omogenei nel tempo utilizziamo un deflatore. Peccato che, in questi anni, l’aumento dei prezzi sia stato sinonimo di aumento di qualità. Se le scarpe costano 200 è perché sono molto migliori di quelle che valevano 100 qualche anno prima: sono più belle, più comode e fanno sognare di più.  Se usiamo il deflatore sbagliato (quello che imputa tutte le variazioni di prezzo all’inflazione) sottostimiamo il miglioramento della qualità delle merci italiane. E facciamo la figura dei poveretti nelle statistiche del commercio internazionale.
Secondo luogo comune: le aziende italiane sono piccole e non riescono a crescere. Anche su questo punto Guelpa ha fornito dati interessanti. Se guardiamo alla classe delle aziende con un fatturato superiore ai 50 mln di euro, la crescita di queste imprese è stata del 26,4%. Se poi ragioniamo in termini di dipendenti, la classe delle imprese con più di 250 dipendenti è anch’essa cresciuta del 5,4%. Insomma le aziende che fanno fatturati robusti crescono, e crescono in misura più che proporzionale alle aziende che crescono in termini di personale. Il che confermerebbe come la crescita sia oggi un percorso virtuoso, che premia chi lavora su produttività e specializzazione. Secondo i numeri di Banca di Italia, poi, questa crescita dimensionale appare sempre più sostenuta da uno sforzo di patrimonializzazione e di buona gestione finanziaria. Il rapporto fra capitale proprio e totale del passivo nelle imprese oggi appare sostanzialmente allineato a quello delle principali economie europee.
Proprio questo percorso di miglioramento e di innovazione (che abbiamo fatto molta fatica a mettere a fuoco) ci fa pensare che l’industria italiana non sarà poi così diversa nel 2013 da quello che è oggi. I dati della ricerca ci dicono che la nostra industria sarà sempre più meccanica, meccatronica, automazione. In linea con quello che è stato il processo di riorganizzazione della nostra economia nell’ultimo decennio. Insomma, abbiamo lavorato sodo per costruirci un futuro. Il rapporto ci invita a riconoscerlo.

Stefano

Scritto da Stefano | May 18, 2009 | in Varie |

4 Responses to “Il futuro dell’industria italiana secondo Banca Intesa”

  1. Comment by Caos — May 18, 2009 @ 6:33 pm

    facile autoincensarsi… si può ancora migliorare, e molto. Poi sono cose così complesse che un ipotesi ragionevole, porta ad un analisi completamente diversa da un’altra. L’uso dei prezzi reali è lo stesso che in altri paesi ma c’è chi cresce di più.

  2. Comment by Caos — May 20, 2009 @ 11:10 pm

    forse con tutte le chiusure che si prospettano voleva dire non vi abbattete… un’analisi antidepressiva.

  3. Pingback by DestraLab » Anche chi non lo sa — May 21, 2009 @ 11:19 am

    [...] e del tutto negativo a tutti i costi (perché facilmente notiziabile?). Era stato affrontato qui parlando della presentazione del 75° Rapporto Analisi dei Settori Industriali dal titolo ambizioso: [...]

  4. Comment by Stefano — May 21, 2009 @ 11:50 am

    @caos
    non credo che i seminari come quello promosso da banca intesa si facciano per finalità ansiolitiche. si fanno per capire. c’è davvero poco di ideologico nel taglio delle ricerche di guelpa e dei suoi collaboratori. se si mette a fuoco una situazione come quella attuale è davvero per capire dove possiamo e vogliamo andare.

    piuttosto segnalo la difficoltà di una solida quota del nostro mondo istituzionale e politico a capire la quota di contemporaneo di cui dispone il nostro paese. siamo stati talmente tartassati dai “declinisti” che, oggi, l’affermazione che il nostro made in italy funziona (almeno in parte) ha un che di eretico.

    direi che se c’è un ragionamento ideologico in italia è proprio quello del declinismo a oltranza. è la convinzione profonda che l’italia è un paese storto, votato al disastro, pieno di imprenditori rompiballe che vogliono fare di testa propria, di un paese che non vuole accettare una modernità grigia della standardizzazione tecnocratica.

    questa ideologia è davvero l’ultimo retaggio del fordismo nostrano.

    s.

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